Chromium carbides are of considerable scientific and
technical importance because of their extensive applications in cutting tool
and heat-resistant steel industries. A precise knowledge of their thermodynamic
properties is essential for the understanding and the prediction of their
chemical behavior in various environments. The standard Gibbs energies of
formation of Cr3C2,
, have been obtained from electromotive
force (EMF) measurements between 950 and 1150K on the following galvanic cells
with CaF2 single crystals as the electrolyte:
Cr, CrF2 | CaF2 | CrF2, Cr3C2, C (950-1150 K)
The following equation has been obtained by a linear analysis of the EMF as a function of temperature
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The values of the Gibbs energy of formation and the entropy
term for Cr3C2 agree well with those of Kulkarni [8].
The values of enthalpy of formation were evaluated by a third-law analysis. An
average value of
=
-71.7 kJ/mol was obtained and this value is comparable to the values reported
by Kulkarni [1], Du et al [2] and Kleykamp [3].
The ground-state energy and its constituents for end-member compound CrC3 in bcc phase were calculated by use of the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) [4]. The experimental results and the VASP calculated values were employed in a reassessment of the Cr-C system by using the computer program PARROT [5]. A new set of parameters of bcc phase have been evaluated more reliably by using of the first-principles calculations.
Reference
1. A. D. Kulkarni, and W. Worrell, Metall. Trans., 1972, vol.3, p. 2363-70
2. Du Sichen, S. Seetharaman, L.I. Stafansson, Met. Trans. B 20(1989) 911
3. H. Kleykamp, J. of alloys and Compounds, 321(2001) 138-145.
4. G. Kresse and J. Joubert, Phys. Rev. B. 59(1999) 1758-1761
5. Thermocalc Software, version P on WinNT, 2000, http://www.thermocalc.com.
E-mail: lidongt@mse.kth.se